BY : Devraj Rai
He has fallen from the black clouds
and is living in the shadows.
Do we see a god in him,
or do we see a
beggar?
Devkota was born on the night of Gai
Puja, when Laxmi, the goddess of wealth, is honored. Seeing this as an omen, Devkota’s parents named him after the goddess.
It was an omen indeed, but of a different kind. In Nepal, Laxmi is seen as a bitter rival of Saraswati, the goddess of education
and learning. Saraswati is displeased if a person is wealthy. On the other hand, Laxmi is not inclined to grant favors to
those whose main pursuit is learning. As it turned out, the rivalry between the two goddesses was played out in Devkota’s
life. He was known as Mahakabi, the great poet, and lived and died a poor man.
When Devkota was born in Dillibazaar,
Kathmandu, in 1909, the country was ruled by the Rana oligarchy. The Rana administration was not enthusiastic about educating
the masses, so the permit to study was a privilege. Devkota’s family went through a lot of trouble to enroll him at
Durbar School, the only school in the Kathmandu Valley. Devkota wrote his first poems at school. He is said to be a quiet
student who preferred reading and writing. He proved to be an excellent pupil and was married at the age of fifteen while
at school.
After graduating from school with high
marks, Devkota enrolled in the science program at Tri Chandra College in 1925 and began to read English poetry. Writers of
the romantic era were a particularly strong influence on Devkota and he incorporated some of their themes in his work. Devkota
completed his Intermediate of Science degree and switched to arts. He received his bachelor’s degree in arts in
1929 and went to Patna, India, and was impressed by the libraries he saw there. He and his friends then wrote a letter to
the Rana prime minister requesting permission to open a library in Kathmandu. Since the administration took a dim view of
providing uncensored information, Devkota and his friends were put in prison. They were released after paying heavy fines.
In 1931, Devkota went back to Patna on scholarship hoping
to study English for his Master’s degree. But seats were not available so he studied for the Bachelor of Law degree
instead. After he received the degree, he returned home and felt the first shocks of poverty that would trouble him for the
rest of his life. Despite tutoring to supplement his earning, sometimes for fourteen hours a day, financial problems never
left him. Muna Madan was among the creations of this time. The book challenged Sanskrit scholars who dominated the
Nepalese literary scene. While these scholars determined good poetry as those following the Sanskrit form, Muna Madan
was based on the jhaurey folk tune. The book received recognition from the Ranas and a significant purse of Rs. 100.
The mid-thirties were a terrible time for Devkota: his mother,
father, and a two-month old daughter died within two years. Devkota was never a smoker at school or college, but when he learned
to smoke, he became a chain smoker. He was exceedingly nervous and began to complain that everything hurt him. His brothers
were worried enough to put him in a mental hospital in Ranchi, India, for five months in 1939.
In 1943 Devkota was selected to represent writers in the
Nepal Bhasanuwad Parishad, a state organization that acted as a censorship board. He wrote a lot during this time and tutored
for long hours. He complained that people asked him for a thirty-two hour day. He wrote his first epic, Shakuntala,
in three months. It is said that Puskar Shumshere Rana challenged him to write another epic in thirty days and Devkota responded
by handing him the manuscript of his second epic, Sulochana, in ten days. Both epics are considered among the best
works of Nepalese literature. Most of his work was unconventional. He had a habit of inventing new words to suit his poetic
requirements. At times his more conservative colleagues resented his taking so many liberties with the language. Devkota became
a professor at Tri-Chandra College in 1946. He left Nepal without any obvious reason and worked in exile in Benaras, India.
He was editor of Yugbani, an opposition paper. He also wrote Pahadi Pukar, a book that addressed people’s
poverty in Nepal. The book was banned in Nepal.
The Ranas invited him back to the country. After the democratic
movement was successful, he helped publish Indreni, a bilingual journal, and was a part of the influential Royal Nepal
Academy. Financial troubles followed him throughout these years. Part of the problem was his generous nature. He gave money
to people who came to him with hard luck stories. One cold winter day he gave the coat he was wearing to a beggar shivering
at the roadside.
Even as he was having financial worries, he was getting high appreciation and by 1957, he had become minister of education
though he was an active politician. At this time he suffered from what doctors at first thought was gastric ulcer. By 1958,
cancer was diagnosed and since Devkota did not have enough money (his salary was held back by the Royal Nepal Academy for
visiting the former USSR as a representative of writers without informing the king), King Mahendra gave him Rs. 5,000 after
complaints in the local papers
